The, Disability And The Urban Environment A Perspective...

Imagine a society where individuals, regardless of disability, race, religious views, sexuality and origin, live in a state of harmony, where cities are integrated and provide equal access to all members of humanity. This utopian concept almost seems to contradict the current issues faced in contemporary society. However, papers and policies have been created that spread awareness and benefit certain aspects of society. The author, H Hahn, addressed the disability movement in a paper, â€Å"Disability and the urban environment: a perspective on Los Angeles.† Society’s objective should be to become increasingly perfect. To develop this ideal civilization, a broader, more introspective sense of reality needs to grasped to help build more adaptable cities. Hahn’s ideas suggest that people, largely urban planners and politicians, need to advance cities to accommodate those with disabilities consisting of mental, economic, and physical problems, develop a sense of wha t having a disability entails, and people should form alliances with the disabled to allow for the complete integration of the built environment and its communities. Seeing an individual with an evident disability is not uncommon. Usually in a large crowd, say at a subway station, there are groups quickly maneuvering around obstacles with ease. Upon closer examination, there is typically a disabled individual, incapable of joining a crowd, examining how exactly they are going to progress with their movement. This is anShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Disability And The Urban Environment : A Perspective On Los Angeles Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesUrban settings are constantly faced with problems due to large and varying populations. One of the largest problems facing modern urban environments is the inconveniences and limited accessibility within a city for citizens with disabilities. Hahn addresses the issues of the urban environment that are responsible for creating a minority of disabled people and segregated city within the article â€Å"Disability and the urban environment: A Perspective on Los Angeles.† Published in 1986, t he article stillRead MoreDisabilities Of The Modern World984 Words   |  4 PagesDisabilities in the Modern World: An Insight to Reality Imagine a society where individuals, regardless of disability, race, religious views, sexuality and origin, live in a state of harmony, where cities are integrated and provide equal access to all members of humanity. This utopian concept seems to almost contradict the current state of contemporary society. However, society’s primary objective should be to become increasingly perfect. To develop this ideal civilization, a broader, more introspectiveRead MoreDisability And The Urban Environment1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthat our urban environments are frequently structured in ways that make it difficult for handicapped individuals to utilize. America needs to do more to aide the needs of the 19% of the population who are disabled. Harlan Hahn, a professor in the department of political science, at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, CA cites in his article â€Å"Disability And The Urban Environment† how a disabled American is looked on as a minority grou p and kept unable to interact in the urban environmentRead MoreAdvanced Practice Nurses (Apn) Improve Access To Rural1481 Words   |  6 PagesAdvanced practice nurses (APN) improve access to rural and urban primary care (Hunter, Murphy, Babb, Vallee, 2016). It is difficult as a nurse practitioner (NP) to move between the states and practice due to the differences in laws and regulations within each state. The role of an APN is not fully understood by many people, and continuous education on a NPs scope of practice (SOP) needs to occur. NPs can help the shortage of physicians by providing primary care to those with less complex medicalRead MoreMy Goals In the Field of Special Education Essay832 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences of camp. My first classroom was a portable double-wide trailer. The students were a diverse mix of white, Hispanic, Native American and African American. It was an interesting time to be teaching civics. The Rodney King beating in Los Angeles was much i n the news and was easily integrated into many government related discussions. I loved it. Due to family commitments my career changed course as we moved back to Wisconsin. I began a career within YMCA camping. During this period IRead MoreEssay on Mass Transit: The Future of American Travel1664 Words   |  7 Pagesthe community, needs less urban space, is less energy-intensive, pollutes less, is the safest mode, improves accessibility to jobs, and offers mobility for all† (1). Mass transit is also a highly flexible mode of transportation, with many different methods of travel available. Of note for these: metros, buses, carpooling, light rail, and waterborne transports. Proponents of mass transit claim it will find solutions to problems concerning the economy, the environment, and the energy crisis, asRead MoreSocial Intervention For Depression And Social Isolation1599 Words   |  7 Pagescombination of social, environmental and genetic variables interact (Bruce, 2002). Researchers have found that risk factors for depression include, loss of social networks, low social support, negative life events, medical illness, bereavement, disability, trauma and gender with depression rates have been found to be higher in women than in men as well as (Bruce, 2002; Grenade Boldy, 2008; Mojtabai Olfson, 2004). Also found to be Childlessness a significant risk factor, where individuals withRead MoreE Tracking : A Single Track Charter Essay1943 Words   |  8 Pagesto tracking where students are no longer placed in groups based upon academic achievement or ability. (Hallinan, 2004) The solution of detracking offers many things. This reform takes a more egalitarian approach to education. From the academic perspective, all resources will be put into the same pot and therefore no one will be shorted and the one-track education will be equal. There are also many benefits that come from a diverse classroom setting, from academic level, race, class and ethnicityRea d MoreDiversity, Inequality, And Immigration2232 Words   |  9 Pagesexist in America. Although, inequality should be addressed on all levels, politicians should create policies to safeguard against discrimination and inequality because many of the economic issues would be decreased and it would create a better environment for the human service worker to help care for many of the different societies. Inequalities have been a rising issue in America as well as racial discrimination for many years and will continue to rise and harm the economy as long as America ignoresRead More SOLVED SOCI212 Quizzes 1 86149 Words   |  25 PagesNortheast, South, and West.   A.South, West, Northeast, Midwest.   B.South, Midwest, Northeast, West.   C.South, West, Midwest,Northeast.   D.Midwest, South, West, Northeast. Question 18 of 20 1.0/ 1.0 Points 18. Which of the following sociological perspectives would support the following statement? â€Å"During periods of economic crisis, the state expands welfare rolls to pacify the poor and reduce the likelihood of serious uprising. However, during economic growth and stability, the state attempts to reduce

Child Abuse And Neglect Of Children - 1400 Words

Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse and neglect refers to any way in which someone harms a child. It also includes neglecting to protect a child from harm, potential harm, or allowing a child to witness violence or abuse to others. Harm to the child may or may not be intended. Children of abuse often have no one to turn to for help. Children often feel shame about their abuse or fear their abuser. The abuser may have threatened the child if he or she tells anyone about the abuse. It is up to adults around children who are abused to protect the child. Seek help immediately if your child is being abused, if a child you know shows signs of abuse and neglect, or if you see anything that does not seem right. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT? †¢ Physical abuse. This includes rough handling, threats with a weapon, throwing objects, pushing, grabbing, hitting, slapping, kicking, and improper use of restraints or medicines. †¢ Sexual abuse. This involves sexual contact that is forced or tricked. †¢ Emotional and psychological abuse. This includes verbal attacks, rejection, humiliation, intimidation, social isolation, or threats that belittle or create fear, distress, and anxiety. †¢ Neglect. This is a caregiver’s failure or refusal to meet the needs of a child. This can include not providing food, shelter, clothing, means for personal hygiene, medical and dental care, education, supervision, or social stimulation. Neglect can also mean completeShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1670 Words   |  7 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect Are you a child being abused by your parent? Do you need help? Why would any parent do that to their child or children? Child abuse is common, there are many different kinds of abuse. Most of the abuse occurs within the family. Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse such as, emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lasting scars on the children (Smith, M.A, Segal). Studies have shown thatRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse and Neglect Tracy Vargas Arizona State University Child Abuse and Neglect In 2002 child protective service (CPS) agencies investigated more than 2.6 million reports of alleged child abuse and neglect (Harder, 2005, p. 1). The topic I have selected for this paper is child abuse and neglect. In this paper I will provide information of the findings for four different articles, I will include results provided by each article, finding similarities or dissimilarities. TheRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children924 Words   |  4 PagesChildren get abused and die everyday of abuse and neglect. In 2005 1,460 died throughout the year of child abuse or neglect. The majority of kids who get abused are mostly 3 years or younger (77 percent ). The United States has one of the worst records, losing on average of 3-7 kids everyday to child abuse or neglect. Throughout the year there are referrals to the state child protective services that involve 6.6 million children, and about 3.2 million of the children are subject to an investigatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Negl ect Of Children1291 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse and neglect are highly contested concepts, underpinned by and subject to a range of political and cultural factors particular to the society in which they occur. Therefore, child abuse and neglect are not phenomena that lend themselves to easy definition or measurement (Corby, 2006:79). This means that child abuse or neglect cannot be defined unless we take the cultural context into consideration, for what is considered to be abusive or neglectful in one society could be acceptable inRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the time I was a little girl, I’ve wanted a child. I always loved getting new toy baby dolls, and being able to take care of them as if they were really my children. Now, at age seventeen, I still can’t wait to be a mother. I’ve always promised myself that when I have a child of my own, he or she would be my top priority and I would love him or her with everything I have. Because of this mindset, it breaks my heart when I see or hear about children being abused and neglected by their parents. AccordingRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay944 Words   |  4 Pages Everyday, approximately 5 children die from abuse and neglect. Child abuse is when a child is physically injured or sexually abused. Sadly, there are many different forms of child abuse and neglect. There is physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, substance abuse, and emotional abuse. This abuse is very well known but most people don t realize that the people around you could be in that situation. Imagine being a young child, old enough to understand right from wrong, being abused and having toRead MoreChildren With Child Abuse And Neglect877 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of programs that are available for youth and families where child abuse and neglect is apparent. Such programs that are available for young people and non-offending family members are Forensic Interviews, Family Services, Therapy Counseling, and Prevention Education. Other programs are available in different areas for families where youth are showing different types of outcries to help non-offending family members an d the child get the help that is needed for several of reasons. Such other programsRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay2663 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"There were 3.5 million reports of child maltreatment in the United States involving more than six million children† (Children’s Rights, 2014). In this paper, I will be talking about the various aspects of child abuse and neglect. A report of child abuse and neglect happens every ten seconds here in the United States. I thought about this idea for my paper because I have seen somebody in my family who suffered child abuse. I also thought about it because I used to work at a gymnastics center andRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1486 Words   |  6 PagesChild Abuse Child abuse and neglect is a really big problem in our society. Child abuse is physical maltreatment or sexual molestation of a child. Child abuse can also be emotional which in most cases people don’t notice it unless the child speaks up about it and tells an adult to get help. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration on Children, Youth Families, Child Maltreatment 2000, about three million children in America were involved in child abuse and neglectRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1846 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history, children have been subjected to extensive abuse and neglect including but not limited to physical, sexual and psychological abuse and neglect alongside being provided with little to no rights. To combat this, individual states within our nation initiated Child Abuse reporting laws starting in 1963 which quickly spread throughout the nation. However, these laws oftentimes failed to adequately address and tr eat the extensive instances of child abuse and neglect due to lack of support

Fashion in the 1920s Essay Example For Students

Fashion in the 1920s Essay Fashion is one of the greatest forces in present-day life. It pervades every field and reaches every class. It has always been a factor in human life but never more forceful, never more influential and never wider in scope than in the last decade, and it gives every indication of growing still more important. So with everything in mind, we can really agree with him when he said that it was more than an expression of individual taste; it was instead a statement of group membership, of involvement in the currents of ones time. To be out of fashion, he wrote, is, indeed, to be out of the world. During the decade technology vastly improved which helped spread the word about what people were wearing and driving and how they were decorating their homes or designing their public buildings. Improved communication meant that a large proportion of the general population was exposed to the latest fashion trends and responded, positively or negatively, to them. During the sass the most distinctive clothing styles originated in Europe: in France for womens attire and in England for mens. Coco Channel was one of the first women designers to adopt the new era of clothing, which meant that she adopted a more boyish look. She replaced the corset with lighter clothing that wasnt so restrictive. Throughout the years dresses kept getting shorter and the backs lower. By 1925 dresses were the shortest in history an act of the devil, some thought. Many people were so outraged that they passed laws in the states of Ohio and Utah that the hem length of ladies gowns had to be seven inches from the floor but these responses from mature adults simply increased young womens fondness for their short skirts and cosmetics. After all, what fun is it to rebel if nobody notices or cares? But what are some major reasons for this changes in women fashion? The first one is that after the war women continued to work outside their home, so the clothes had to be altered to allow for an ease of movement. Also with the lack of men due to the war, women began wearing more alluring clothing to attract a husband. The ratification of the 19th Amendment also played a major role as women soon began wearing loose pantsuits called pajama suits, a direct result of the newly gained right to vote and the strong cries for further female empowerment. Probably, one of the first images that pops into your head when you hear the word sass fashion is the Flapper which is the symbol of the oaring twenties. It embodied the decades modern fashion elements such as short sleek hair, a short shapeless dress, a flat chest, and exposed limbs. Flappers also had a reputation that added to their style as well; they smoked from long cigarette holders, applied makeup in public and danced to Jazz with reckless abandonment of propriety. Men of this time wore suits, day suits, formal suits, all different kinds of suits. Along with their suits, they wore a hat according to their class in society: the upper class wore top hats, middle class wore a fedora, and the working class wore a flat cap or no cap at all. To complete their ensemble they wore black patent leather shoes or saddle shoes. As well as the classic suit, flannel, twill, knickerbockers, and sweaters were a more commonly seen casual wear among men of all ages, Then around 1925 Oxford bags were introduced to the public, after being worn as a kind of uniform for Oxford University students. This style grew and grew and before you knew all the young men were wearing them. As the decade progressed, the automobile increasingly became another definer of status and social class in America, both for young people and their parents. Henry Fords Model T, which dominated the U. S. Rake until it went out of production in 1927, gave middle-class and even lower-middle-class citizens affordable, reliable transportation. The quintessential expression of American energy and optimism in the sass was the skyscraper, the great tower that aspired toward heaven and dominated the earth (rather, the urban streets) below. Throughout the sass, then, a con cern for fashion, for style as a social and cultural delineated, flourished. Fashion developments in attire, in architecture, and in automobiles helped to define the decade and these developments proved more pervasive and more influential than they had ever been in the past.

The direction of the lesson, the teacher communication and behavior A Handbook for Teachers Review Essay Example

The direction of the lesson, the teacher communication and behavior: A Handbook for Teachers Review Paper Essay on The direction of the lesson, the teacher communication and behavior: A Handbook for Teachers Arischa, you inspired are carrying God knows what! If the first statement weak metaphor, the second (pedagogy religion even with an exclamation L) is a serious error, belittling high pedagogy status and its achievements for the sake of fashionable rassharkivaniyu before the wave of the Orthodox church and the Russian general of obscurantism. In general pedagogy and religion is not more than the commandment to love ones neighbor with the atrocities of the Spanish Inquisition: in science and religion is not and never had anything in common between them an unbridgeable gulf. Remember as if you did not try to convince the opposite Tolokonov foreheads. Religion blind faith in the supremacy of the supernatural plus parasitic way of supplementing the action of parasitic illusion of consciousness. It is well known that religion is all the time trying to mimic a science that he borrowed her unquestioned authority and social status. No arguments like, Holy, holy, holy in science and ther e was not. The main thing a modern secular society must protect the formation from entering the school priests in cassocks or without cassocks! Let me remind you (already written somewhere) that the question of well-known Moscow history teacher Leonid Katsvy about teaching opportunities in the French school of church representatives, Professor Dubà © said clearly: In France, it would lead the country into civil war. It is impossible to imagine that such a question would be asked publicly in France, it would have led to the fact that the street would have left thousands of people, including Catholics. You have the right to profess any religion. But you have a duty not to impose it. And the fact that you were a victim of a violation of this principle does not give you the right to break it ourselves. Naivete, enough of emotion, she did not grace and then, I hope, know.

SAT Sections, Sample Questions and Strategies

SAT Sections, Sample Questions and Strategies The SAT consists of four required sections: Reading, Writing and Language, Math (No Calculator), Math (Calculator). There is also an optional fifth section: the essay. The Reading section and the Writing and Language section are combined to calculate your Evidence-Based Reading/Writing score. The two math sections are combined to calculate your total Math score. Before taking the test, familiarize yourself with the types of questions and time limits of each section of the SAT. This familiarity will help you feel confident and prepared on test day. SAT Reading Test The SAT Reading Test comes first, and all questions are based on passages that youll read. Youll spend over an hour on this section. Number of Questions: 52Question Type: Multiple choice based on passagesTime: 65 minutes The Reading Test measures your ability to read carefully, compare passages, understand how an author constructs an argument, and figure out what words mean from their context. Realize that this is not an English test- passages will come from not just literature, but also U.S. or world history, the social sciences, and the sciences. The Reading Test may also include info-graphics, graphs, and tables, although you will not need to use math skills to analyze these elements of the test. Sample Questions These sample questions refer to a specific passage. 1. As used in line 32, horrid most nearly meansA) shocking.B) unpleasant.C) extremely bad.D) obnoxious. 2. What statement best characterizes the relationship between Dr. McAllister and Jane Lewis?A) Dr. McAllister admires Janes honesty.B) Dr. McAllister pities Jane because of her low social status.C) Dr. McAllister feels self conscious around Jane because she makes him aware of his failures.D) Dr. McAllister is disgusted by Janes lack of education and poor hygiene. In general, the skills required for the Reading Test are those youve been learning at school and not ones you can cram in preparation for the exam. If you are good at reading a text closely and carefully, you should do well on this section. That said, you should definitely take practice tests to figure out how carefully you need to read the passages and what pace you need to set to ensure you finish in time. For many students, the Reading Test is the most challenging section when it comes to time management. SAT Writing and Language Test The Writing and Language Test also consists of questions based on passages, but the types of questions are different from those on the Reading Test. In addition, the passages are generally shorter, and youll have less time to complete the section. Number of Questions: 44Type of Questions: Multiple choice based on passagesTime: 35 minutes Like the Reading Test, some questions in the Writing and Language Test will include graphs, info-graphics, tables, and charts, but you wont need to use your math skills to arrive at an answer. Questions can ask you about the best word choice for a given context, proper grammar and word usage, organizational elements of a passage, and the best methods for presenting evidence and making an argument. In the reading test, youll be provided a passage that has sentences and locations within the text marked by numbers. Sample Questions These sample questions refer to a specific passage. Which choice makes the most effective transition between the first and second paragraph?A) NO CHANGEB) Despite these dangers,C) Because of this evidence,D) Though the action would be unpopular, To make the ideas in the passage flow logically, sentence 4 should be locatedA) where it is now.B) after sentence 1.C) after sentence 4.D) after sentence 6. Familiarize yourself with this section by taking practice tests (like those from Khan Academy and the College Board). Another way to improve your score is to brush up on grammar rules. Be sure to study conjunction, commas, colon, and semi-colon usage as well as the rules for using commonly confused words, like its vs. its and that vs. which. The score from this section is combined with the score from the Reading Test to arrive at the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score for the exam. SAT Math Exam The SAT Math Exam is comprised of two sections: SAT Math Test- No Calculator Number of Questions: 20Type of Questions: 15 multiple choice; 5 grid-inTime: 25 minutes SAT Math Test- Calculator Number of Questions: 38Type of Questions: 30 multiple choice; 8 grid-inTime: 55 minutes The results from the calculator and no calculator sections are combined to arrive at your SAT math score. The SAT Math Exam does not cover calculus. Youll need to know algebra and how to work with linear equations and systems. Youll also need to be able to interpret data represented in graphical forms, work with polynomial expressions, solve quadratic equations, and use function notation. Some questions will draw on geometry and trigonometry. Sample Questions 5x x - 2x 3 10 2x x -4In the equation above, what is the value of x?A) 3/4B) 3C) -2/5D) -3 For the following question, you may use a calculator. Grid your answer into the answer sheet.During rush hour traffic, Janet took 34 minutes to complete her 8 mile drive to work. What was her average speed during her drive. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour. Chances are, youre better in some areas of math than others. Use the free math practice materials at Khan Academy to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Then, rather than taking entire practice math tests, you can focus on the areas you find most difficult. SAT Essay (Optional) Most colleges and universities do not require the SAT Essay, but many schools recommend it. To write the essay, youll need to sign up and pay an additional fee when you register for the SAT. You will write the SAT Essay after all students have completed the Reading, Writing and Language, and Math Tests. You will have 50 minutes to write the essay. For the essay portion of the exam, you will be asked to read a passage, and then write an essay that responds to the following prompt. The passage changes for each exam, but the prompt is always the same: Write an essay in which you explain how [the author] builds an argument to persuade [his/her] audience that [author’s claim]. In your essay, analyze how [the author] uses one or more of the features listed above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of [his/her] argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with [the author’s] claims, but rather explain how the author builds an argument to persuade [his/her] audience. Your SAT Essay will be read and scored by two different people who will assign scores of 1 to 4 in three areas: reading, analysis, and writing. The two scores from each area are then added together to create three scores ranging from 2 to 8. To prepare for the SAT Essay, be sure to look over the sample essays on the College Board website. Youll also find some good sample essays and essay strategies at Khan Academy.

The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia

The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia Ecclesia (Ekklesia) is the term used for the assembly in Greek city-states (poleis), including Athens. The ecclesia was a meeting place where the citizens could speak their minds and try to influence one another in the political process. Normally at Athens, the Ecclesia assembled at the pnyx (an open-air auditorium west of the Acropolis with a retaining wall, orators stand, and an altar), but it was one of the jobs of the boules prytaneis (leaders) to post the agenda and location of the next meeting of the Assembly. On the pandia (All Zeus festival) the Assembly met in the Theatre of Dionysus. Membership At 18, young Athenian males were enrolled in their demes citizen lists  and then served for two years in the military. Afterward, they could be in the Assembly, unless otherwise restricted. They might be disallowed while owing a debt to the public treasury or for having been removed from the demes roster of citizens. Someone convicted of prostituting himself or of beating/failing to support his family may have been denied membership in the Assembly. The Schedule In the 4th century, the boule scheduled 4 meetings during each prytany. Since a prytany was about 1/10 of a year, this means there were 40 Assembly meetings each year. One of the 4 meetings was a kyria ecclesia Sovereign Assembly. There were also 3 regular Assemblies. At one of these, private citizen-suppliants could present any concern. There may have been additional synkletoi ecclesiai Called-together Assemblies summoned at short notice, as for emergencies. Ecclesia Leadership By the mid-4th century, 9 members of the boule who were not serving as prytaneis (leaders) were chosen to run the Assembly as proedroi. They would decide when to cut off discussion and put matters to a vote. Freedom of Speech Freedom of speech was essential to the idea of the Assembly. Regardless of his status, a citizen could speak; however, those over 50 could speak first. The herald ascertained who wished to speak. Payment for Assembly Members In 411, when oligarchy was temporarily established in Athens, a law was passed prohibiting pay for political activity, but in the 4th century, members of the Assembly received pay in order to ensure the poor could participate. Pay changed over time, going from 1 obol/meeting- not enough to persuade people to go to the Assembly- to 3 obols, which could have been high enough to pack the Assembly. What the Assembly decreed was preserved and made public, recording the decree, its date, and the names of the officials who held the vote. Sources Christopher W. Blackwell, â€Å"The Assembly,† in C.W. Blackwell, ed., DÄ“mos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of March 26, 2003.

Endangered Species Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Endangered Species - Research Paper Example The present crisis of endangered species is distinctive in that the failure of biodiversity is happening rapidly, and the main cause of the catastrophe is the activities of human beings. Some scholars such as Henry David Thoreau, Aldo Leopold and Elisabet Sahtouris believe that the current crisis persists because of lack of ethical responsibility and failure to connect with the environment in the part of humans (Benson and Rob 188). One of the most endangered species that are facing extinction is the rhino species found in Africa and Asia. The Rhino population in the two continents is roughly 29,000 surviving in the world. This is a massive difference from the population of rhinos at the beginning of the 20th century standing at 500,000 rhinos. For instance, in Africa there are 20,000 white rhinos and 4,880 black rhinos. In Asia, however, the statistics are more alarming as there are only 2,850 great one-horned rhinos, 200 Sumatran rhino and 50 Javan rhino. There are only seven north ern white rhinos living in the world (Rhino Info n.d). With then rhino, facing distinction in the future is inevitable that governments form laws that protect this endangered specie from human hunters who kill them for their horns, as well as meat. The illegal rhino horn hunt has been the biggest human activity that has led to a drastic decline of the rhino species instigated by the illegal rhino horn trade, political conflict, as well as habitat loss. The rhino is mostly valued for production of Chinese medicine and poaching is the greatest menace facing rhino today. The horns are also used to construct ornamental handles for stiletto in Yemen one of the main markets of the rhino horns from Africa (Rhino Info n.d). In some areas, where normal law and order has collapsed mostly in war zones, and where political instability exists, poachers have found it easier to kill the rhinos, thus endangering them as well as other species. For example, poaching of rhino has been ascending in DRC , Nepal and Zimbabwe due to political conflicts (Rhino Info n.d). The basic issue in environmental ethics is whether there can be a non-anthropocentric environmental ethic, which is a foundation for right ant and wrong activities concerning the environment, which is not based exclusively in human fears. Most people claim that ethics is only based on anthropocentric environment. According to Benson and Rob (188) environmental ethics involves animal rights theories and biocentrism theories as well as egocentric theories. This entails that sentient animals, individual living things and conservation systems have moral standings respectfully. Leopold held that most ecological problems were because of ignorance, and understood that his own his own capability to recognize how environment works were the consequence long education and observation. However, in the current contemporary world, where environmental education and policies are protecting biodiversity ignorance has no room. It is ir responsible for instance, to cut down trees from indigenous forests, which are at, risk of extinction for logs, yet there are alternative means of producing similar tools without having to render tree populations extinct (Bagheera n.d). Leopold grew in a culture where concealed land ownership was part of the dream of America. However, this caused

Data exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data exchange - Essay Example 3D-XML format supports seamless integration with a number of office productivity software and popular web browsers; for example, 3D-XML files can be embedded into a Word or PowerPoint document by a simple drag-and-drop operation (James 2006). 3D-XML technology makes 3D data accessible to the extended enterprise as a whole, hence, enabling users to add extra dimension to their documentation as well as improve their collaboration with others (James 2006). 3D-XML allows incorporation of PLM (Project Life Cycle Management) information into various forms of communication such as technical documentation, maintenance manuals, marketing brochures, websites, emails and many others. (Dassault Systems n.d.) According to Leondes (2002, p. 379), ‘IGES is a standard used to exchange graphics information between commercial CAD systems’. He further described that IGES includes four sections: the Start Section that provides a human readable prologue to the file, the Global Section that contains information describing the preprocessor and information needed by postprocessor to handle the file, the Directory Entry Section which provides an index and contains attribute information and topological information about each entity, and the Parameter Data Section that contains geometrical parameter data associated with each entity (Leondes 2002, p. 379 – 380). Ball, A, Ding, L & Patel, M 2008, ‘An Approach to Accessing Product Data across System and Software Revisions’, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp.222-235, viewed 7 November 2008, http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/grand-challenge/papers/ball.etal2008aap.pdf Leondes, CT 2002, Database and Data Communication Network Systems: Techniques and Applications, vol. 2, viewed 7 November 2008,

Analyzing Personal Conflict Management Styles Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Personal Conflict Management Styles Essay Conflict management is the detriment of many teams or groups in accomplishing its goals. This is because most people do not understand the different conflict styles and how to apply the rules and principles associated with the style you may be dealing with. In this paper I will analyze three of the five management styles discussed in the textbook Communication in Small Groups. Avoidance and competition are two styles that I believe have the greatest effect on hindering a group or team from accomplishing its goals. Collaboration, however, is a style that I believe is most effective in assisting a team in attaining its goals. This is a style that I use not only in my professional life but also in my personal life and have seen the difference this style of conflict management makes on individuals who are approached with this technique. Avoidance, according to the Collins English Dictionary is â€Å"the act of keeping away from or preventing from happening. † This definition sums up the reason I believe that of the five conflict managing styles, this one is among the top reasons some teams fail at achieving their goals. Whether it is just that a person does not like confrontation, are afraid to voice his or her true opinions out of fear, or simply do not want to hurt another person’s feelings, the simple fact remains that the team may not be aware of everything they need to consider. They miss the opportunity to be more objective in reaching an educated decision on the goals the team is trying to attain. This can also lead to members of the team feeling as though a member does not care and give them reason to discount whatever input that member may have. It is important to remember that there are certain instances when avoidance is needed to move the team along. For instance if what is causing the conflict is something trivial that will not have an adverse effect on the ultimate goal of the team it is likely a good idea to avoid it. It may be also be a good idea to use this method temporarily to give a team time to gather their thoughts on an important issue they need to resolve, but cannot get certain members to be objective or reasonable because they are standing firm behind their point of view. Competition is a conflict management style exactly opposite of avoidance. This is a very confrontational style, which characteristics consist of forcefully persuading others that their position is the only correct position. A person who exerts this style in most cases seeks to win with the intent of another person losing. They want control and work to achieve it no matter what. This type of style is infectious to a team. It is hard for a team to work at attaining a common goal if the level of competition in the team is such that no one can agree. Competition often leads to unethical ways of trying to persuade others in the team like shouting, or even threatening. These types of behaviors lead to defensiveness and distrust as members may feel as if they are forced into a decision rather than arriving at a decision on their own. Again, just like with all management styles it is not always a bad thing to be competitive. When working as a team it is important to remember the goals of the team and be mindful that the actions taken are working toward that goal. No matter how right a person is individually, he or she must find a way to get the rest of the team to agree that their point of view is correct or the best action for the goal the team is trying to accomplish. Otherwise, they will accomplish nothing and alienate themself from the team. The other members of the team can again feel as if that member does not care about what is best for the team and discount his or her ideas as one sided. Of all of the conflict management styles, collaboration is the style that most researchers agree is the best for achieving the goals of a team. â€Å"To collaborate is to have a high concern for both yourself and others† (Beebe Masterson, 2009, p. 52). This common belief among users of this style drives them to search for answers using all of the tools at the team’s disposal. The different dynamics of the team become assets. They see the differences that distinguish the members of the team as points of view are respected and viewed objectively. Differences like a male versus a female’s perspective, race, culture, and even social or economic status are viewpoints that give all in the team a bigger picture of the different issues they may need to consider when coming to a conclusion about how best to achieve their goal. Though this style is thought of as the best route for teams to use, it is lso one of the most difficult. Even a person who has a natural talent or personality that promotes this style of conflict management has to practice to be effective using this style in a team setting. A person cannot be judgmental and must be sure not to take anything said personally. This is something that most if not all of the team members must have an awareness of. All team members have to feel comfortable with the results and with what was given up from their own personal point of view to arrive at the team’s decision. This style is also very demanding so it requires a good amount of patience. Depending on how quick a decision is needed it is not always possible for a team to achieve and some in the team may not believe that their best interests were achieved. I realized through this research that I am a person who naturally uses the collaboration style of conflict management in many areas of my life. In my relationship with my wife, I use collaboration as a way to strengthen our alliance in running our household. Feeling as if we are a team benefits the decisions we make for our family. Our children see us as united in our decision making. This is something we had to work to achieve and collaboration was the key to its success. We had a competitive style at first and our children would use that fact to split us up on decisions that we made pertaining to them. I could break that cycle by focusing on putting our ego’s aside. Our discussions were no longer about who was right or wrong. It was a process that started with accommodation to show I was willing to take the first step. That eventually grew into compromise, which is what most couples strive for. Finding a middle ground gives most couples the sense that they are working as a team. Collaboration, however, is the ability of that team not to find a middle ground, but actively work to agree and the best plan or action together by understanding and processing each other’s viewpoint to come up with decisions together. It is a style that comes in handy when training my children on the importance of being responsible and accountable for their actions. Collaborating on goals so that they are part of the decision-making process empowers them to believe they have control over what decisions they make. In my school and professional life collaboration has proven to be a way to drive for results. Team members work better when they are at ease in their decision-making, and everyone is comfortable with each other. Disagreements work themselves out with little stress because of the trust established through everyone’s willingness to collaborate on the goals set in place. Because the goals were set together, everyone has a vested interest in its outcome and most want that outcome to be a successful one. When I do encounter a person on my team with a conflicting style, I tend to take some time away from the situation to evaluate the best course of action for our progress. I take into account the level of importance our issue may have on our ultimate goal and what if any ethical issues are involved. Collaboration, though it is my favorite approach, is not always the approach I may use to resolve the issue. I am not one to avoid the issue entirely, but I have had to use accommodation, compromise, and even competition depending on what the issue is and what personality I am dealing with. In conclusion, you can see that there is no one way to manage conflict. I believe that being able to adapt to the different conflict styles will assist a person in overcoming conflict. Collaboration best supports a person who is adaptable and best supports a team’s objective because it focuses on the goals of the team by giving each person on the team’s needs equal importance.

The Cycle of Sacrifice in the Roman Catholic Mass :: Religion Christianity Judaism Essays

The Cycle of Sacrifice in the Roman Catholic Mass The Christian Church is centered on the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is what set the early Christians apart from their Jewish roots. In the Christian Church the notion of sacrifice is based on Jesus Christ as the ultimate sacrifice. This comes from a long tradition of sacrifice throughout the Hebrew Scriptures. In the Jewish tradition there are sacrifices made at certain times of the year. For example, traditionally during Passover each family has a rabbi sacrifice a lamb. The Jewish belief is that this sacrifice must take place every year at Passover. The Christian belief has changed since the death of Christ. Christians believe Christ has become the one true sacrifice. The reason the sacrifice of the Hebrews must be continued is two fold. The Hebrew sacrifice is made to God, by a priest who is imperfect, and the sacrifice itself is also imperfect. This imperfection and the presence of sin prevent the sacrifice from becoming eternal and therefore must be rep eated. In the Christian view, Jesus is the perfect victim and the perfect sacrificer. The emphasis on sacrifice in the Catholic Church has changed. In the earliest days bread was broken in a meal of fellowship. Eyewitness accounts of the works of Jesus Christ were the center of the fathering. It was a gathering of a community of believers. Gradually this emphasis on community and discussion has changed to an emphasis on the sacrifice of Jesus. By the middle ages this is the center of all. People came to adore the Blessed Sacrament while the priest offered the sacrifice. This centrality on the eucharist and the priest as sacrificer was solidified by the Council of Trent. In time, the people yearned for a greater participation in the liturgy. This led to the Second Vatican Council in which great changes to the liturgy resulted in a shift of emphasis back to the words and works of Jesus and to the people as the mystical body of Christ. In the earliest church there was little to no mention of sacrifice. The focus of the beliefs of the community was around the resurrection and good works of Jesus. Just after the death of Christ, Jewish Christians gathered in homes after the Temple service. The Cycle of Sacrifice in the Roman Catholic Mass :: Religion Christianity Judaism Essays The Cycle of Sacrifice in the Roman Catholic Mass The Christian Church is centered on the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is what set the early Christians apart from their Jewish roots. In the Christian Church the notion of sacrifice is based on Jesus Christ as the ultimate sacrifice. This comes from a long tradition of sacrifice throughout the Hebrew Scriptures. In the Jewish tradition there are sacrifices made at certain times of the year. For example, traditionally during Passover each family has a rabbi sacrifice a lamb. The Jewish belief is that this sacrifice must take place every year at Passover. The Christian belief has changed since the death of Christ. Christians believe Christ has become the one true sacrifice. The reason the sacrifice of the Hebrews must be continued is two fold. The Hebrew sacrifice is made to God, by a priest who is imperfect, and the sacrifice itself is also imperfect. This imperfection and the presence of sin prevent the sacrifice from becoming eternal and therefore must be rep eated. In the Christian view, Jesus is the perfect victim and the perfect sacrificer. The emphasis on sacrifice in the Catholic Church has changed. In the earliest days bread was broken in a meal of fellowship. Eyewitness accounts of the works of Jesus Christ were the center of the fathering. It was a gathering of a community of believers. Gradually this emphasis on community and discussion has changed to an emphasis on the sacrifice of Jesus. By the middle ages this is the center of all. People came to adore the Blessed Sacrament while the priest offered the sacrifice. This centrality on the eucharist and the priest as sacrificer was solidified by the Council of Trent. In time, the people yearned for a greater participation in the liturgy. This led to the Second Vatican Council in which great changes to the liturgy resulted in a shift of emphasis back to the words and works of Jesus and to the people as the mystical body of Christ. In the earliest church there was little to no mention of sacrifice. The focus of the beliefs of the community was around the resurrection and good works of Jesus. Just after the death of Christ, Jewish Christians gathered in homes after the Temple service.

Fides et Ratio Essay

When looking at the context of the Fides et Ratio, John Paul II expresses on â€Å"crisis of meaning† in contemporary society. Throughout this section John Paul II offers examples on how the crisis of meaning has emerged. John Paul II touches on â€Å"scientism† and â€Å"pragmatism† and how these have affected modern society and are believed to be steering individuals in the wrong direction. John Paul II also includes other non-religious or philosophical based attitudes toward the contemporary society. John Paul II seems to be expressing his thoughts towards the â€Å"crisis of meaning† in hope to regain focus from individuals on the value of religion in contemporary society. Although John Paul II raises many well thought out reasons supporting the idea that there is what he calls a â€Å"crisis of meaning† in modern society, Sigmund Freud’s theories of how humanities’ desire for meaning in life is actually just delaying the inevitabl e and compounding the struggles of life. The sooner people accept that in the end, everyone dies, and after that there is nothing, the sooner one can succeed without regret or worry, and the better society will be. â€Å"Crisis of meaning† is stated by John Paul II to be one of the most important attributes in the current state of our society around the world. Pope John Paul II believes that people in contemporary society are beginning to question if it still makes sense to know the meaning of one’s life. When looking at â€Å"crisis of meaning† from a scientific perspective, the increase in knowledge on the subject makes the search for the meaning of life problematic. The amount of research and data introduced because of the increase in human knowledge in contemporary society has started to â€Å"compromise the fabric of life† (Fides et Ratio, #81). The display of theories that compete with one another, and how people view and interpret the world and human life serve to â€Å"aggravate the radical doubt† (Fides et Ratio) which than leads to scepticism, indifference and the rejection to religion and religious moral principles. Theories that were specifically developed to show an individual the answers to the big  questions in human life are consequently invading the human spirit and offering different interpretations to the meaning of life. John Paul II states that a philosophical perspective that no longer expresses on the meaning of life would reduce importanc e of â€Å"accessory functions† (Fides et Ratio, #88) and take passion away from the search for the truth. Philosophy will have to regain focus on the â€Å"sapient dimension† in order to regain a sense of harmony with the word of God. If Philosophy conformed back to its natural ways it will would be a critical factor that discovers the foundation of â€Å"scientific learning† and would also join together human knowledge and action. Philosophy has the potential to create a path to a final goal of a better understanding of the meaning of life. John Paul II discusses that â€Å"sapient dimension† in philosophy is much more necessary in modern society because peoples technical capabilities are demanding a renewed understanding of ultimate values. John Paul II argues that â€Å"If this technology is not ordered to something greater than a merely utilitarian end, then it could soon prove inhuman and even become potential destroyer of the human race.† (F ides et Ratio, #81) This quote from Fides et Ratio by John Paul II expresses his thoughts on how technology has the power to prove inhuman and possibly ruin the human race. He believes that the word of God gives people an understanding of one’s destiny and the true meaning to life. Philosophy is invited to give reason to the natural impulse within everyone on the meaning of life. Another threat that John Paul II relates to the â€Å"crisis of meaning† is through â€Å"pragmatism† and â€Å"scientism†. John Paul II believes that â€Å"scientism† is another threat the â€Å"crisis of meaning† faces in contemporary society. â€Å"Scientism† only validates the forms of knowledge through factual sciences and will not accept knowledge based on religious beliefs. Scientism views religious and theological knowledge as fantasies and considers it to be meaningless. â€Å"Positivism† and â€Å"neo-positivism† expressed the same idea in the past on the meaningless of religion and now has been revived through â€Å"scientism†. Due to technological progress and factual scientific research, science has now taken control of human life, as people have begun to believe that if something is technically or scientifically possible it then can be morally accepted. John Paul II also looks at â€Å"pragmatism† to be none the less as dangerous to the â€Å"crisis of meaning† as â€Å"scientism†. John Paul II defines â€Å"pragmatism† as, â€Å"An attitude  of mind which, in making its choices, precludes theoretical considerations or judgements based on ethical principles.†(Fides et Ratio, #89) He believes that a particular action can be morally accepted if it is backed by a majority of votes by a parliament. John Paul II expresses that â€Å"scientism† and â€Å"pragmatism†, or both philo sophical views that modern society is now trusting, are is causing this â€Å"crisis of meaning†. Pope John Paul II expresses what he sees to be a problem of â€Å"crisis of meaning† through ideas such as â€Å"scientism† and â€Å"pragmatism†. When examining John Paul II encyclical to the Bishops of Catholic Church it becomes obvious that the â€Å"crisis of meaning† is not a problem in modern society but only a positive development. People are now realizing that the meaning of life is not to be accepted by a God but to succeed in personal goals. When looking at modern society and religion it is evident that times have changed and the value of religion has slowly diminished. People in modern society are gaining a better understanding of life through â€Å"scientism† and the advancement of technology. The advancement of technology and human knowledge has begun to alter the thoughts and views people have on the meaning of life. John Paul II e xpresses that â€Å"scientism† is having a negative effect on modern society. â€Å"This leads to the impoverishment of human thought, which no longer addresses the ultimate problems which the human being, as the animal rationale, has pondered constantly from the beginning of time.†(Fides et Ratio, #81) In this quote he is stating that â€Å"scientism† is effecting how people are beginning to think and that people are being persuaded away from addressing the main problems in life. Rather than looking at this change in modern society negatively, this change has actually given people a more modern and realistic way of looking at life. Science is overpowering religious beliefs with its factual evidence challenging religion in many ways. Another point presented by John Paul II is the idea of â€Å"pragmatism†. In modern society people are beginning to base their decisions upon ethical principles rather than religious beliefs. Individuals in modern society can distinguish between right and wrong and understand the practical way in dealing with situations rather than looking to religion to guide them in the right direction. The â€Å"crisis of meaning† stated by John Paul II is not a crisis but simply a positive adjustment within contemporary society. Sigmund Freud who was a well-known psychoanalyst developed a psychoanalytic theory  on religion. He came up with the idea that people who believe in a God suffer from what he refers to as a childish neurosis in that they use religion as a way to cope with the fact that life has no meaning. He believed that the concept of religion was false. Freud believed that an individual’s life is meaningless and that people have a difficult time accepting that life does not a have an overarching meaning or purpose. In contemporary society pe ople are beginning to believe, or accept that one’s life may not have a higher meaning. Freud argued that once one accepts that there is no greater meaning, it would be easier for them to set personal goals that can be achieved, allowing them to accomplish personal enlightenment. Even though, John Paul II raises many well thought out ideas and concepts that argue his belief of the problem â€Å"crisis of meaning†. Sigmund Freud believes that one’s life is meaningless and when a person can understand that, they can then begin looking at life in a more personal way without regret rather than looking to be accepted by a god. â€Å"Scientism† and â€Å"pragmatism† are both philosophical views that are allowing modern society to grasp a more realistic idea of life, instead of living life through a specific religion. John Paul II believes that philosophy is now leading society in the wrong direction, persuading people away from asking the ultimate questi ons in life. This however is not a negative in modern society it is simply a modernized way of looking at life and is leading society in the right direction.

James Thom’s “The Perfect Picture” Essay

In James Thom’s extraordinary piece â€Å"The Perfect Picture† he writes about situations he was in at a one point of his life. He explains an experience he was in as a young police reporter and driving to a seen, where the grandfather back over this granddaughter. When he drives up he sees all the media and the police gather around the grandfather. The grandfather couldn’t even grasp the concept of what happened yet, before news reporters and photographers are invading his property, life and time with his family to grieve over his granddaughter. When Thom sees the opportunity to snap the photo of the grandfather cradling the little girl, wrapped in a sheet, lying cold and lifeless in his arms. Thom has such a huge decision to make, and only a mere moment to decide on what he will do. Thom thinks about his career, for a brief second, and he almost pushes the shutter, the button that has the power to keep time standing still, for now and forever. He has the power to expose the emotions and lives of people, including this family, that have to re-live these experiences for the rest of their life. He can see the joy on the faces of his executives, and the awards that would be engraved with his name. If pictures are worth a thousand words, then his â€Å"perfect picture† will be worth a million! Thom finally decides there is still no way to justify this intrusion of private family affairs. He shows courage in his decision and great confidence in his ability as a reporter. James Thom is making the right decision in not taking the opportunity to snap the perfect photograph. In today’s society the media takes advantage of the common people, and profits from the world’s misfortunes. In the era this story is taking place, the media is no different. The media believes they have the right to intrude into people’s lives, take what they want, and assume no responsibility and reap no consequences for their actions. Newspapers, TV stations, and so forth, call this their right to free speech. Watching a reporter taking pictures, pushing shoving and crowding around the scene, is like watching a group of wild hyenas fighting each other for one piece of dead carcass. On one side, there would be those that believe pictures, events, and the news, regardless of the subject matter are public property as long as it’s done in the name of media material. Reporters, journalist and photographers all fall into the same category. They are there to find the story, and if there is not a story present. They construct one to create intrigue for their customers. Most of the media is ruthless, cold and with hearts of stone. These beasts stop at nothing to get what they need to fulfill the greed in their soul.

Resolving Power Essay Example

Resolving Power Essay Example Resolving Power Essay Resolving Power Essay When two objects are placed close enough to each other or are a great enough distance, there will come a point where your eyes will be unable to distinguish the two objects apart. Determine the resolving power of your eyes. Hypothesis If two strands of hair are placed a foot away in front of white background, then the resolving power of the eyes will be approximately half a millimeter or 0.5 mm. Materials * Glass slide and cover slip * Two human hairs * Dissecting needles * Microscope Procedure 1. Brought a microscope to the lab area making sure to use both hands to carry the microscope and that the cord was not dangling. 2. Looked through the instructions making sure there were no problems that could be posed. 3. Organized the lab area and prepared all equipment including slides and the microscope. 4. Placed two human hairs on the slide 1 mm apart and placed the cover slip above. 5. Placed the slide in front of a white background and examined from a distance of one foot. 6. Determined if the two hairs were distinctly separate and recorded observations. 7. Moved the hairs closer together using a dissecting needle and recorded measurements. 8. Determined if the two hairs were distinctly separate and recorded observations. 9. Repeated step 7-8 until the hairs could not be distinguished as separate objects. 10. Separated the hairs. 11. Repeated steps 4-9 with a different student. 12. Cleaned up the lab area and placed the equipment in the designated places. Observations Student A Distance (mm) Distinguishable/Not Distinguishable 1 Distinguishable 0.8 Distinguishable 0.6 Distinguishable 0.4 Not Distinguishable Student B Distance (mm) Distinguishable/Not Distinguishable 1 Distinguishable 0.7 Distinguishable 0.5 Not Distinguishable Conclusion The purpose was achieved. Since the resolving power of our eyes was seen to be an average of 0.45 mm, it can therefore be concluded that the resolving power of our eyes is 0.45 mm. As a result, my hypothesis was proven correct. Text Questions 1. The limit of resolution of my eyes from a one foot distance when using two human hairs was observed to be 0.5 mm and the limit of resolution of my partners eyes from a one foot distance when using two human hairs was observed to be 0.4mm. 2. The resolving power of the unaided eye does differ from one person to another due to the fact that not all individuals have the same vision or strength of eyes. Therefore, not all individuals have the same resolving power. 3. Due to the fact that not all individuals have the same resolving power, the class most likely had a wide range of resolving powers. However, we did not have the chance to record other individuals observations. Nevertheless, if the resolving power of the class were based on our average, it would be 0.45 mm. 4. The resolving power of the eye becomes weaker as the distance becomes greater. If two objects are moved far enough in the distance, it will appear to be one object. The retina of the eye can differentiate items from a certain distance. However, at greater distances, the retina will not be able to distinguish two objects apart. Instead, the retina will form one image of the two objects. 5. The resolving power refers to the ability of an optical system to reveal detail and distinguish objects apart. The ability to focus refers to sharpening and concentrating on an image while hazing out the surroundings.

How to Spend Valentines Day If You Are Single

How to Spend Valentines Day If You Are Single Love it or hate it Saint Valentines Day is looming closer by the minute. While couples are convulsively trying to get perfect gifts for their soulmates and ordering tables in restaurants, singles are looking for places where they can hide from all those sentiments, chocolate, teddy bears, proposals and other stuff. Heres a survival guide for singles. There are many benefits of being alone on Valentines Day, check them out! What to Do? #1 Visit Spa Take rest from disturbing thoughts that bother you on this day. Take a bath, light the candles, go to a masseuse. Hot water, massage, the fragrance of aroma oils will help you reach deep relaxation. Believe that youll forget about all your worries. # 2 Go to the Party Are some of your friends having a party? You should definitely be there. If none of your friends are throwing a party, you can attend some public event and meet new people there. Drinking, dancing and chatting will improve your mood, but dont forget that its Wednesday and tomorrow is a weekday 🙂 #3 Spend Time With a Single Close Friend Buy some tasty food you usually refuse from, put on comfy sleepwear, find a good comedy on Netflix and invite your friend to share all that with you. Laugh or cry – its up to you, but dont be alone. #4 Visit Your Family Being with your family and loved ones will help you to get distracted from the feeling of loneliness if it takes place. If you live with your parents, just spend time with them – watch movie or TV comedy, cook dinner or do something of this nature. #5 Get on a Short Trip Trips are usually full of adventures. Buy a ticket to a place that is not far from your city, book the hotel room and have dinner in a restaurant. Invite a friend or several friends (not the couples) to join you. A trip will inspire and bring some new thoughts to your mind. #6 Go to the Restaurant There could be some difficulties with booking a table on Saint Valentines Day, but you can try. Give yourself a permission to taste anything you want despite the calories. Choose the place where you can taste something new and delicious. Who knows, maybe your soulmate will be sitting at the neighboring table. #7 Cook If you like cooking, but usually dont have time for that, this is your opportunity. Try to get home earlier to have more time for cooking. Find a recipe to prepare a difficult dish that you usually dont have time for. If you cope with this (and you surely do), you will feel inspired and proud of yourself. #8 Visit a Specific Class Remember that time you wanted to attend painting/ latin dance/DIY class? Its time to do that now! The first reason is that you will feel you do something useful for you, the second – you wont be alone and the third – its just fun 🙂 #9 Workout at the Gym One of the best ways to relieve stress is to workout. Go to the gym and let you body get rid of accumulated negative emotions and calories. One more advantage of going to the gym is that its a nice place for meeting someone. What Not to Do 1. Dont text or call exes. You will regret. Definitely. If you didnt call them before, there was a reason. Remember it. 2. Dont be the third wheel. Its pathetic. Sorry. Even if you are very good friends with a couple, you wont be happy feeling that you are a bit unwanted at the celebration of their love. 3. Dont be too dramatic. Maybe a bit, but not too much. The fact that you dont have a date this year, doesnt mean that you have some flaws or something. You just didnt find someone who you are interested in enough to go on date. 4. Dont refuse from visiting events. Do you really think you are the only single in the city? Dont refuse from visiting parties only because you dont want to see many couples around you. Many of them will be sitting at home or in restaurant. Parties on Saint Valentines Day are mostly for singles. 5. Do not drink alone at home. First of all, its harmful for your physical health, secondly, its not good for you emotional health too. Alcohol will boost the feeling of loneliness and urge you to do stuff youd regret later. Saint Valentines Day can be a torture for some single people especially if they are surrounded with happy couples. If it is your case, you can get through it and the best way is to cooperate with other singles and spend good time together.

Air Quality and Climate Change as Integrated Policy Research Paper

Air Quality and Climate Change as Integrated Policy - Research Paper Example Ozone and black carbon do not stay in the atmosphere for a long time, unlike long-lived GHGs such as carbon dioxide. Short-term pollutants do not get evenly distributed in the atmosphere. Thus, this factor should be given a great deal of attention so as to decrease their emission. Doing so will help in providing immediate resolution that will lessen climate change rate and reduce the likelihood of global warming. Likewise, strategies in decreasing the emissions of long-lived GHGs must also be regarded as an urgent concern. In its 2004 report entitled Air Quality Management in the United States, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) suggested the integration of air pollution and climate change policies because of the found links between air quality and climate (Climate Change and Air Quality). This initiative would help in decreasing the emissions of known causes of air quality problems. At the same time, it would reduce negative impacts related to climate change. Integrating air quality and climate change policy is considerably a wise approach. It yields a number of benefits, such as in saving costs and protecting public health and the environment. It also facilitates sustainable development and helps in decreasing the carbon level in society. The success of this integration pursuit entails global consensus and needs authority that would give a broader view and proper implementation of formulated strategies. During a major conference on â€Å"Air Pollution and Climate Change: Developing a Framework for Integrated Co-benefits Strategies†, presented by the Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum in September 2008 (Hicks & Kuylenstierna, 2008), the co-benefits of air quality and climate change policies were shown. This conference has set a foundation for the improvement of global advocacy on air pollution. In the said forum, it was pointed out that there was urgent need to integrate the two policies as suggested by current science. Treating air pollution and

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM & SKILLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM & SKILLS - Essay Example The initial grounds of appeal by the appellant was that he was denied his right to legal representation1 by the school board which amounted to gross violation of his rights under the European Convention on human Rights that among other rights provide for a right to a legal representation2. Legal issues upon which G’s case was heard at first instance The legal issue to be proved at first instance was whether there was any form of sexual contact between the claimant and the boy. They had to establish whether there was any form of improper contact that would attract disciplinary action against the claimant. On founding of a disciplinary action, a report would be forwarded to the Secretary of State to consider any future employment of the claimant especially in any employment position that would put him in any kind of contact with school going children. The panel should consider whether the actions constitute an abuse of trust of his implicit position in the school and consequentl y constituting gross misconduct. Legal issues identified in the appeal in the Supreme Court One of the legal issues that were identified by the Supreme Court was whether the claimant’s rights had been violated at the hearing in the first instance. It has to consider whether the denial of the claimant’s legal representation amounted to a violation of his rights. The claimant had been denied representation by his counsel in the hearings at the tribunal. In fact the tribunal went ahead to make a decision having denied her this right. In any case involving the determination of a person’s civil rights as well as obligations of any criminal charge against him, he is entitled to a public and fair hearing that should be conducted within a reasonable time by an impartial and independent tribunal that has been established by law. Another principle issue for determination is the question on determining the kind of connection that is required to exist between the proceeding s in A that do not determine civil rights and obligation and proceedings B which determined civil rights and obligation. The court has to determine whether the connection is strong enough to determine the proceeding’s outcome. Another issue for determination was whether the proceeding by ISA which went ahead to include his name in the children barred list would violate his rights under article 6 (1). Another issue for the Supreme Court to determine was what statutory regulation to apply. Regulation 4 of 2003 regulations could not apply in a case where the secretary had not invited representations by 20th January 2009. The Ratio ‘decidendi’ in the case An appeal can be made to the Supreme Court only on the grounds that the ISA has erred on a point of law or erred in a finding of a fact that it has made and the decision was based on that finding of fact. The decision on whether it was in order for an individual to be included in a barred list is not a question of l aw or fact as per section 4(3). The court decided this case based on the decision in Austrian case3 that held that it must be shown that the dispute relates to civil rights and obligations. Relevance of Article 6 (1) of the European Convention to this case This Article safeguards a person’s right to a fair trial. The article in criminal cases as well as in civil cases safeguards the right to a

Week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 9 - Essay Example This is very critical to the audit process. It has been combined with foundational concepts. However, I think that ethics it should be the only matter dealt with in this chapter. Since independence falls under this heading it should also be included. The importance of independence has been stressed in a number of instances and the lack of it has been blamed for a number of events. In relation to independence an auditor should never be required to give an opinion on his own work. If the same auditors are engaged in setting up internal controls inclusive of information controls they may be pressured by their colleagues against reporting on the discovery of major weakness. The auditor engaged in giving an opinion on how management has carried out their responsibilities and giving an opinion should not be engaged in any other activity with the entity. Therefore the standards need to go further in not allowing any other work whatsoever as it certainly will affect independence. This matter should be ted into threats and safeguards. The best safeguard is to quit. There will therefore be no consideration of some of the other matters which relating to the provision of non-audit services. In relation to quality control issues the additional requirement to include systems that address additional areas is a step in the right direction as all areas of an organization should be monitored as they affect the financial and other aspects and are therefore interrelated. If there is no proper leadership then the system of control will break down since management will be ineffective. In terms of the elimination of requirements already included in AICPA this will leave room for additional requirements to be added later. The additional guidance is important as it addresses the need for technical assistance. However, it might have been beneficial for those who prefer to find as much as possible in one place if the rules were not

Anahorish And Digging | Comparative Essay

Anahorish And Digging | Comparative Essay Anahorish and Digging are two poems written by acclaimed Irish poet, Seamus Heaney, from the 1972 anthology Wintering Out and the 1966 anthology Death of a Naturalist. Anahorish was the name of the school Heaney attended (the Anglicized version of the Irish word anachgeeor uisce meaning place of cold water), and focuses on Heaney going back to visit his old school, going back in time to make sense of the present, whereas Digging is about Heaney expressing his admiration of his forefathers, and how they dug for survival, whereas he uses his pen as opposed to their spades to dig into the past of his fellow Irish people. I have chosen to compare Anahorish with Digging as I feel that Digging shares many common traits with Anahorish such as the references to land, the reminiscing of the poet, the slow, reflective language, and yet they differ, particularly context-wise. Both poems share the key theme of reminiscing/looking back in time, and the earth, and can be analysed in terms of shari ng this key theme, as well as context and language. Both Digging and Anahorish employ the two themes of looking back in time, and the earth. This is immediately evident in both poems, where in Digging Heaney instantly describes how his fathers spade sinks into gravelly ground, whilst in Anahorish, land references are instantaneously made the first hill in the world where springs washed into the shiny grass and darkened cobbles in the bed of the lane. Cobbles in particular has a strong Irish cultural reference attached to it. We can now see that a direct comparison can be made between the two poems, as they both have a focus on the land, just in different contexts. In Digging, Heaney needs to vividly describe the land so he can transport the reader to what it was like for the potato diggers of Northern Ireland, and how harsh their conditions were; the intense description of how Heaney saw his fathers straining rump among the flowerbeds also conveys to the reader how clear this memory is to the poet, and how it must be imprinted in his mind. Excerpts from the poem such as how he rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deep indicates to the reader how painful and laborious this work must have been; the adjective rooted, as well as being a typical Heaney-esque device in which the poet uses nouns as verbs, also has very negative connotations to it, being quite an emotive word as it expresses feelings of suffering and very hard work. In Anahorish, Heaney uses the land as a representation of what he remembers, using the landmarks he sees to inspire his memories of his old primary school, helping him to delve deep into his past so he can make sense of future. Andrew Green notes that the land, in Heaneys early poetry, represents many things, but always encapsulates a continuity of experience. Whether he is searching for personal meaning or attempting to locate a source and possible context for the troubles that plague his native Ireland, he finds his language and inspiration firmly rooted in the land. So integral is the part it plays in the verse of the early collection that we can see in the earth no mere means to end but an end in itself. To summarise Greens points, Heaney often uses the land as a source of inspiration, a method of evoking some of his past memories, helping him explore his past and assist in determining his present. Clearly, the land is of great importance to Heaney, which is expressed through to the reader. Both poems also explore Heaneys reminiscing. In Digging Heaney clearly goes back in time to remember his grandfather digging the land My grandfather cut more turf in a day than any other man on Toners bog. Once I carried him milk in a bottle corked sloppily with paper; in this context, Heaney recalls this moment to stress to the reader the strong ethics instilled in his grandfather (the excerpt goes on to say how his grandfather would have one drink of milk, then get straight back to digging). However, in Anahorish, Heaneys going back in time is of a much greater importance. He describes how the springs used to wash into the shiny grass; clearly, Heaney is trying to remember aspects of his school, in the hopes he can remember who he once was, and thus remember who he is again Heaney is using his history to find himself. It could be stated therefore, that a third theme in both poems is a loss of identity for Heaney in Digging he feels almost uncomfortable with himself for not diggin g like his forefathers, whereas in Anahorish the poet is unsure of who he is, taking measures such as visiting his old school when he was a childhood, and using the land to evoke early memories and rediscover himself; as stated in The Times Magazine article entitled The Poet, those links to whats gone before physical, psychological are the power behind much of his work. Clearly, the land has a direct link to his physical and psychological memories/psyche, and Heaney therefore uses the land to inspire his poetry and memories. So, even though both poems share the same themes, reminiscing and the earth are used in different contexts. Clearly, both Anahorish and Digging take place in different circumstances. For one, in Digging Heaney is using the poem as a way to almost hail the workmen of Northern Ireland, praising them for their patience and strong work ethic. Clearly, the living roots of the poem both become, for the reader, symbols of the poets memory (Andrew Green); indeed, the poem is essentially one long recollection of his forefathers living, and Heaney is using it to bring attention to the plight of the Irish workers. At the time of the poem, it can be assumed that there was a potato famine in Ireland, resulting in mass death by starvation, due to the fact that the potato was the food that the majority of the impoverished Irish survived on; its loss was devastating. In Anahorish, Heaney is presumably in a fragile state of mind, perhaps unsure of who he is, so he goes to Anahorish to see if he can stir up any memories, and hope that the site will help him find himself again. In both poems, the language is relatively slow and reflective. The vocabulary in Digging is descriptive, the poet clearly able to vividly recount his experiences watching his father dig the coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft against the inside knee was levered firmly; therefore we can clearly see that Heaney watching his father dig left a lasting impression on him. Therefore, the language shows how vivid Heaneys memories are. This is also evident in Anahorish where Heaney can remember the after-image of lamps swung through the yards on winter evenings. In Digging, Heaney notes how he once carried him milk in a bottle corked sloppily with paper. He straightened up to drink it, then fell to right away nicking and slicing neatly. The juxtaposing terms of sloppily and neatly in Digging reinforce how at this time in the poem, Heaney is a young boy, with his clumsy manner, whilst his grandfather is an experienced, concise man, who has been digging for many years. So in Digging, cont rast is used to emphasise Heaneys childlike immaturity when he was a boy, again, a clear allusion to the poems theme of reminiscing. In Anahorish, there is a clear contrast to break the light ice at wells and dunghills. It can be assumed that this conflict of ice and dunghill is meant to act as a break, a reminder to the reader that Heaney was looking back into time, and now has to return back to the present. Both poems also use onomatopoeia, Digging describing the squelch and slap of soggy peat and Anahorish noting how the springs washed into the shiny grass. These onomatopoeias are particularly important in helping create atmosphere, and involve the reader in Heaneys train of thought; onomatopoeic words partially close the gap between language and reality as said by Bernard Richards, who further notes that Seamus Heaney is a master of sound effects. An extended metaphor is also present in each poem. In Digging, the entire text is an extended metaphor for Heaney digging into the pa st using his poetry; the phrase Between my finger and my thumb the squat pen rests. Ill dig with it perfectly encapsulates this sentiment. Meanwhile, in Anahorish, the excerpt springs washed into the shiny grass is a metaphor for the passing of time, continuing on in the poem, as the whole point of visiting Anahorish was to arouse any memories which are too deep to stir though thought alone. Both poems are very similar, in which they both express the themes of reminiscing, the earth, and use a lot of the same linguistic techniques. However, in terms of context, the two poems differ substantially; Heaney clearly feels the same sentiments in both, a desire to use the Irish landscape to evoke deep memories, which he communicates to the reader so he can find himself. Development of Global Expansion Strategy: India to Britain Development of Global Expansion Strategy: India to Britain What started as an export house has today become a successful retail business presenting Indian textiles in a variety of natural fibers, and home products including furniture, lights and lamps, stationery, home accessories, pottery and cutlery. In 2004, food products range was launched and in 2006, FabIndia Sana, their authentic body care products range, was launched. Recently, it has also ventured into the jewellery segment. However, the major chunk of FabIndias product range is textile-based. The company has continued its focus mainly on the artisans and sources its products from over 40,000 craftsmen across India. With a strong foundation, the company has been successful in increasing its presence all over India. The concept, now a Harvard Business School case study, is simple. A fully-owned subsidiary of FabIndia, Artisans Micro Finance, a venture fund, facilitates the setting up of these companies, which are owned 49 per cent by the fund, 26 per cent by the artisans, 15 per cent by private investors and 10 per cent by the employees of the community-owned company. After a successful 50 years in India and after creating a niche market and millions of loyal customer base, company is going global. It is already present in 3 cities around the world. In this report we are going to look at the option of taking the company to one of the biggest economies of the work the Great Britain. We will study the market using the concepts of global marketing and try to analyze how successful venture it will be for FabIndia. The Porters five forces are used to study framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development. This reports also talks about what are the reasons for entering into UK. The study of Birmingham and Liverpool, as potential cities for initial setup of the FabIndia store and later expanding to other places as the demand rises. This report will give us the in depth of setting up the FabIndia operations in the UK. Introduction: The history of Indias freedom struggle is interwoven with the Charkha the unusual weapon, employed by Mahatma Gandhi to spread the message of Swadeshi. Gandhi gave the art of Khadi, a special status through this movement. Khadi simply means cotton, usually hand-spun. Khadi is Indian hand spun and hand-woven cloth. The raw materials may be cotton, silk, Polyester or wool, which are spun into threads on a spinning wheel called a Charkha. Khadis earliest avatar was fashioned some 5,000 years ago in India, the original home of cotton, hand spun and hand woven by crafts persons who in all likelihood followed the precise instructions on weaving, spinning and dyeing laid out in the Vedas. Khadi is part of Indian dressing from thousands of years and now is becoming one of the most sought out fabric in fashion industry. John Bissell worked as a buyer for the American departmental store, Macys. In 1958, under a program run by the Ford Foundation, he came to India to advise the Central Cottage Industries Corporation created by the Indian government, on showcasing Indian handlooms and handicrafts. His role was to advise on issues relating to marketing Indian handicrafts. Determined to showcase Indian handloom textiles, and providing equitable employment to traditional artisans, and sensing an entrepreneurial venture, Bissell established FabIndia in 1960. It was also to fuse the best aspects of East West collaboration. Initially, FabIndia started as a wholesale export company, concentrating on the export of upholstery fabrics. In 1999, on John Bissells death, his son William aged 32, formally took over as the Managing Director of FabIndia. The Companys domestic expansion had been spectacular after William took over. By 2001, FabIndia had six stores concentrated in the metro cities. By the end of 2004, these had increased to 20, and the company was seriously considering expanding its stores into the tier-II and tier-III, cities as well as overseas. By the end of 2010 FabIndia had 121 retail stores across India and in addition, stores in Dubai, Rome and Qatar. Company Philosophy: FabIndia is Indias largest private platform for products that are made from traditional techniques, skills and hand-based processes. FabIndia links over 40,000 craft based rural producers to modern urban markets, thereby creating a base for skilled, sustainable rural employment, and preserving Indias traditional handicrafts in the process. FabIndia promotes inclusive capitalism, through its unique COC (community owned companies) model. The COC model consists of companies, which act as value adding intermediaries, between rural producers and FabIndia. These are owned, as the name suggests, by the communities they operate from; a minimum 26% shareholding of these companies is that of craft persons. FabIndias products are natural, craft based, contemporary, and affordable. The essentials of FabIndias new business model are simple. Bissell first created Artisans Microfinance (AMFL), an investment company, which identified and helped fund 17 community-owned firms that FabIndia calls supplier-region companies, or SRCs. Many of these firms had at their core non-profits and cooperatives that had been FabIndia suppliers for two generations. But when they were restructured, their artisan-workers bought shares in the future and a guaranteed piece of FabIndias pie. By tapping the locals and angel investors, FabIndia got a 50-percent boost in investment. More importantly, the SRC shares have already appreciated 50 percent and more. Returns like those and the jobs they generate could spell an end to rural poverty and the ills of urban migrants. The steps taken by FabIndia for the development of the weaker sections of the societies are well appreciated by the customers and also by the Industry, the rewards and recognition with the loyalty of the customers to support the causes for which FabIndia works are also the USP of the brand. Why FabIndia Should Go Global? Going Global for any organization promises tantalizing possibilities. It helps a company in increasing the international brand recognition, grasp greater market share, and achieve top line revenue growth. FabIndia is well established in India with almost 100 plus stores in all major cities of India. The option of going global is very much a strategic decision of the company as the brand FabIndia has got its footprints in the minds of international customers of ethnic Indian products. The domestic markets is well captured and catered to, so the it the time when FabIndia should look for expanding in global market. Some of the reasons specific to FabIndia expansion are: Demand of Khadi (hand-woven fabric) and handicraft products in international market as it is one of the most sought out product in fashion industry and by designers. Demand of Indian handicraft is also increasing in the global market. The world market for handicraft products and ethnic products is approximately  £152 billion. This is increasing at 15% per decade, out of which Indian share is only 2% as there is no major established retail store like FabIndia internationally. Most of the product which reaches to international market is through unorganized sector. So company has got a first mover advantage. Thirdly, FabIndia works as a co-operative so the percentage profit is shared by the shareholders (weavers and artisan). So when a company like FabIndia goes global the cause for which they work also gets promoted which help them to make a loyal customer base. FabIndias Presence in UAE and Rome has given them the ground to know and research about the products which are widely accepted by people of not only Indian origin but also Western Expatriates working in that region. The store in Rome is the reflection of Thinking Global Acting Local, as the products are designed keeping in mind the taste of Italian culture and aesthetic. Selection of Country: After doing the research, on various countries, like, USA, Australia, Canada, Japan, Germany, France etc. we have decided to launched new stores in United Kingdom. The main reason of selecting UK as our target market can be many, but we have mention some of those here which are as follows, Geographic-Economic Environment: The United Kingdom is a country and sovereign state located off the North-Western coast of continental Europe. It is an inland nation spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northern part of the island of Ireland and many more small islands. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries, England, Northern Island, Scotland and Wales. The UK is a developed nation with the worlds sixth largest economy by nominal GDP ( £1.3billion) and the sixth largest by purchasing power parity ( £23,188). It provides healthy environment for foreign direct investment and has low corporate and income tax rate that is 28% and 40% respectively in the Europe. It is also a member of European Union which has round about 28 member countries in the Europe. UK is considered as higher income country with peoples power of purchasing rising day by day. Besides this, some more reasons as follows, The easiest place to establish and run a business is Europe: According to a World Bank study, it takes only 13 days to establish a business in the UK. The World Bank has ranked the UK first in Europe and sixth in the world to operate business. Stable Political Environments: Transparency International rates the UK high on the transparency list. The UK is the country with the least corruption in the world. It achieves a higher rating in comparison to the US, Japan, Germany and France. Stable Regulatory Environment: the UK follows a consultative approach for formulation of regulation which is beneficial for a business environment. Gateway to the EU market: The UK acts as an excellent gateway to the European market which has 27 member states and an approximate population of 500 million. Social-Cultural Environment: Britain is often described as a secular society but also, confusingly, as a multi-faith society. The first term refers to the claim that the influence of religion has dwindled in modern societies. Although the 2001 census showed that 77% of people in Great Britain have a religious faith, the secular description is based on the claim that for most this faith is very shallow, with only a tiny minority being actively religious. The multi-faith label refers to the co-existence within British society of many faith communities, largely as a result of immigration. For every company it is dream location as British people are getting very open and accepting the other culture. Due to it peaceful atmosphere and the ethnic, modern and stylish lifestyle, it is a dream business destination for the companies. Now the culture is like Conglomerate that means a traditional company like is still having the opportunity to do the business and the same chances would likely available for international marketing companies. Due to global fashion trend this open consumer behavior would widen the opportunity in fashion and company like FabIndia must have the opportunity in the casual and formal dressings. Handicraft, Furniture and Organic Food Industry in UK: The handicraft industry is contributing  £ 100 millions to the UK economy. In terms of growth, this sector is growing on an average rate of 7%. Gifts and furniture industry contributes  £ 9.2 billion to the economy and organic food industry contributes  £280 to national economy. However, gifts and furniture are increasing at very slower rate because of financial downturn in October 2008. But, now after recovery of financial crisis, these two industries slowly covering and the growth of it expected to rise very soon. The apparel industry in UK is both vertically and horizontally integrated for maximizing returns. Strong laws protecting patents, designs and brands play a vital role in attracting foreign direct investment in the apparel industry. Joint ventures and investments in apparel have also been greatly enhanced by the wide network of European Union which UK signed with 28 countries in 2007. Handicraft Trade: After entering in the European Union, the handcrafts sale in the UK has been raised and it is continuously increasing by 7% annually which is very higher than last decade. Mostly UK imports handcrafts from various countries around the world, like, India, China, Japan, Vietnam etc. however, Indian and Chinese handcrafts and crafts carry the most of the weight of the import because of its popularity, attractive and uniqueness. Target Cities: After deciding on the country the next stage of our operations was to look for cities where we can step-up a business and get great response from the customers. Therefore, at the end we landed on two main cities in UK which are Birmingham and Liverpool. Why Birmingham? Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midland county of UK. It is the second largest city in the country after London with population of 1 million. Out of which 21% population is Asian British which will the prime target for FabIndia at the initial stage of opening stores. The population age between16-59 is 57.7% which is the main target customer for the company. As well as, it is industrial hub and second commercial centre of the UK. Its location is in the middle of the country therefore; it is much closer to cities like Leicester, Nottingham and Northampton where more Asian or Indian ethnic population stays. The city has highest number of foreign visitors after London therefore; there are high chances of getting business from this tourist who come from all over the world. It is shopping hub in the West Midland regions. The purchasing power of the city population is high as compared to other cities in the UK. The store will be open on the New Street which is shop ping centre of the city and very popular place. Therefore, we think Birmingham is the best city for us to introduce a store of handicraft goods. Why Liverpool? The city of museum, Liverpool is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside of UK. It is a fourth largest city in the country with population of almost 0.5 million. Liverpool status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population which historically was drawn from a wide range of people, cultures and religions. The economy of the Liverpool is one of the largest in the UK and per capita income of the local people is  £ 17489. Another important component of the Liverpool economy is tourism and leisure sector. It is a shopping hub in the region and people of the city are very fashionable and like to wear handicrafts products. Liverpool One is the most famous place and main shopping centre in the city; therefore, we are opening a store at that place, where we can easily attract customers to the store. Entry Strategy: To entering the UK market, we have gone through the various factors of investment, but at the end we have decided to enter in the market with the Foreign Direct Investment. We will use Greenfield Investment and start our operation from the scratch. The reasons for taking a FDI may be many; some of those are as follows, As we will get the total control of operation and do not need to depend on anyone in the business. The government provides a good support for FDI and gives concession in the corporate and income tax rates. It will helps us understand the UK market and in future our network and distribution channel which will be develop at the first phase of operation can be usable for future expansion in UK and in Europe. The soft loans from government and local banks will be easier to get when it required for future expansion. Global Marketing Strategy: For marketing of our products at the first stage Focus Strategy will be applied. A strategy in which, an organization aims to achieve market share, by focusing its efforts on serving a narrow range of market segments well. At the beginning of the business Asian and Asian British will be the first target customers in both cities and in the later stage British consumers will be targeted. The reason for this, FabIndia is follow word of mouth publicity and people who are already aware of the brand and its product will be targeted easily. Competitors Analysis: Porters Forces Analysis: This is used to analyze the competitive environment in each country market. The model identifies five sources of competitive pressures on the firm in a given country industry. It deals with global competition across several country markets. New Entrants: From the political analysis we could find that the country has an attractive business environment. Research also shows that entry barriers are low, so it is quite easy to set up a business in the country. Indian handcrafts and ethnic wear are popular among Indians and Europeans in UK. So, stores exclusively for Indian clothes are favorable in the country. This shows there is a high threat of new entrants who might want to set up a business in similar segments as well. Substitutes: The company has certain substitutes products which are served by brands like Wonderworld and Marks Spencer. But, the good thing is there are only a moderate number of substitutes. This would be an advantage to the company. But still the company must have an eye on these substitutes which might face a threat to them. Thus, the company must provide service and improvise in their products, such that these substitutes do not become a threat. Untitled11.jpg Buyer: The bargaining power of the buyer is high. FabIndia is exclusively into the Indian ethnic and contemporary segment. There are moderate substitutes in the country and research shows that there are more Asians in the region. FabIndia is also a brand well known in India and there is quite some brand awareness amongst the people. Thus, the bargaining power of the buyer is high. Supplier: Most of the raw materials which the companies mainly require are readily available in the country. But, the main point of importing from India is because of its workmanship and the purpose of the company. Opening a new branch overseas involves risks too. All these indicate that the suppliers have a low bargaining power. Rivalry: There are only are a few local competitors that offer the similar products and the company positions itself away from the international competitors and regards them as substitutes. Thus, the rivalry among the competitors is low. FabIndias purpose is quite different unlike other companies whose motto is only to make money. Thus from this analysis, we could draw a conclusion the country has a good market potential and the company could do good business in the United Kingdom. Segmentation and Targeting: Every company should embrace target marketing. Here, sellers distinguish the major market segments, target one or more of these segments and develop products and marketing programs tailored to each. Target marketing requires taking three major steps: Identify and profile distinct group of buyers who differ in their needs and preferences. Select one or more market segments to enter. For each target segment, establish and communicate the key distinctive benefits of the companys market offering.(Kotler, 2003) We did analysis on our target market and split into the following parts for Fabindia: Geographic: Region: United Kingdom Density: Urban (Birmingham and Liverpool) Climate: Both winters and summers Demographic: Age: 5-15, 15-30, 30-65+ Gender: Male and Female Nationality: Asian Expatriates, Asian of British Origin, British, Institutions (Designers, Hotels and Restaurants) Race: Asian and Asian British, White British Social Class: Lower, Middle and Upper Psychographic: Lifestyle: Culture oriented, Ethnic Indian, Contemporary Behavioral: Occasions: Regular and Special Benefits: Quality, Service, Economy , Speed Loyalty Status: None, Medium, Strong, Absolute Attitude Towards Product: Enthusiastic, Positive, Cultured, Indifferent, Hostile Positioning: Todays economies are afflicted with surpluses, not shortages. No company can win if its product and offerings resembles every other product and offering. Positioning is the act of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. (Kotler,2003). All products need to be distinctive and differentiated. FabIndias brand can be differentiated as, Niche yet affordable. Handcrafted yet high quality This perceptual map helps the organization to identify where it stands in the market and also identifies its positioning strategy. When plotting a perceptual map two dimensions are commonly used. Below is a very basic perceptual map. If we plot the UK Indian handcrafts and clothing market we can identify those brands which are high price and high quality. Both FabIndia and Wonderworld are plotted as high quality and high price. But, the former leads its way in the perceptual map. C:UsersacerDownloadsPerception Map.jpg In our basic map, we can see there is competition within that particular area. Though we have stiff competition and substitutes from the likes of Marks Spence and websites like lehengahouse.com, we provide the real worth for the peoples money with no compromise on quality and design and that is why FabIndia attains its high quality and high price position in the perceptual map. Marketing Mix: Product: FabIndia has a variety of products in different ranged and caters from clothing to organic products. Men, Women Apparel and Home Linen: The textile-based product range includes ready-to-wear garments and accessories for men, women, teenagers and children; bed, bath, table and kitchen linen; floor coverings, upholstery fabric and curtains. Cotton, silk, wool, grass, linen and jute are the basic fibers used. We also have considered the weather conditions in United Kingdom and have altered our products to support this. We have used more woolen products, as it is the best material for cold weather. Our home Linen line will give our customers a traditional Indian decor in their home. Home Dà ©cor: Our home products range carries furniture, lighting, stationery, tableware, cane baskets and a selection of handcrafted utility items. Indian handicrafts have been accepted worldwide and since there is heavy demand we will offer wide variety of furnitures which will give our customers an opportunity to have and Indian theme and ambience in their very own homes. Organic Food: We carry several types of cereals, grains, pulses, spices, sugar, tea, coffee, honey, fruit preserves and herbs in our organic food range. The Organic food industry is one of the biggest industries today as it considered highly healthy and nutritional. Jewellery and Gift Accessories: In 2002, FabIndia launched a new jewellery line which was made with wood, copper silver and gold. The jewellery line was well accepted. They also have products product line as gifts like clutches, purses and wall hanging. All handcrafted and made in rural India. Ayurvedic Skin Care: Our range of Authentic Personal Care Products includes soaps, shampoos, hair oils, pure oils, moisturizers, body scrubs, face packs, hair conditioners and special skin care products. Ayurvedic treatment using Indian herbs is very popular in the western world today and is a big industry. Price: Our Pricing strategy will be made with the main objective on current profit maximization. In our entry strategy we will follow price-skimming strategy, as this is a new market and it would help establish ourselves and gain market position. Cotton Wool Silk.jpg Our price range will range from  £15 to  £150 as there are different materials that are used. After our second quarter we will follow the market based pricing strategy. Pricing will differ from Product to Product and will be at least 50% more than what it is in Indian market. Place We are looking at opening up our first 2 FabIndia stores at two prime locations Birmingham and Liverpool. 1.jpg * Traditional shopping area at Birmingham New Street 2.jpg *Liverpool One Shopping Center These are the two locations where our store will be located, as all the local people know them as a shopping hub. Our stores will have an ethnic yet contemporary design. Our stores will be big as we need to display a wide range of products and this would also give our customers a wide variety to choose from. Promotion: We have various Promotion plans to attract customers and earn their loyalty. Given below are a few of the Promotional activities that we intend to organize and implement. Customer Loyalty Program: In this scheme we will give our customers membership cards and allow them to collect points and allow them to redeem these points in forms of discounts and offering them gifts. We will have different Tiers, which will give our esteemed customers various privileges. Sponsoring Indian Events: India has various festivals that are celebrated worldwide, so we will approach the Local Indian Communities and sponsor events as this would help our brand to reach various customers and at the same time build a wide network and help in Brand Recognition. Organizing Fashion Shows: We will organize fashion shows to show-off our clothing line and this would help attract customers and make them aware on the actual appearance of our clothing line. 3.jpg We will also Invite children and organize a fashion show for them to show our clothing line for kids. Organizing an Indian Food Festival: 4.jpg As we already know that Indian Food is very popular all over the world we are planning to organize an Indian food festival offering various delicacies from all regions of India. Inviting Artists and Authors: We will Invite Popular artists and Authors to our store and support their new launch of books or paintings as this will give our customers to talk to them and understand how they work. Discount Sale in Festive Seasons: 6.jpg We are planning to offer discount sales on festive seasons to encourage consumers to choose our clothing line for their entire ethnic requirement. Promotion of Cause: It is one of the USP of Fabindia in International market like UK. The cause for which they work i.e. for the benefit of weaker section of society. This cause has to be promoted in a way that more people contribute and they realize that when they are buying fabindia product they are giving back to the society. Implementation Plan: Phase 1: This is one of the most important phases in our set up as we would start by setting up our corporate office to handle all operational and official responsibilities. We would also have to take the step of importing all the products and arranging all the logistics activities. At any initial its very important to set up a system as this would help in us to carry out a smooth operation. Corp office.jpg Phase 2: Now we will have to look out for stores in the locations suggested earlier and we will have to make sure the place is big enough to accommodate all our products as we want our customers to see our variety of products and choose. Once this step is complete we will have to recruit staff and train them on certain Indian festivals and also as to what clothing is to be worn on particular festive season as this would give our customers a comfortable atmosphere and an excellent FabIndia Experience as, A loyal Customer is a Permanent Customer. GoldCard.pngSilver Card-send.png Phase 3: Once our store is set and we are ready to kick off we will have to introduce the promotions that were suggested earlier in this plan, as this would encourage more customers to come and have a FabIndia Experience and also help enhance the brand value and recognition. FabIndia has never done too much marketing as they heavily depend on word of mouth and this has really worked for us because they already have a commendable marketing position in India. Phase 4: This is a final Phase where we successfully established ourselves in the United Kingdom and have to keep updating on our clothing line by introducing new designs and also keep modifying our other products. Once we have a commanding market position we can look at expanding into new areas and opening up more stores as the risk will be much lower. Risk Management: Retailing is one of the worlds largest industries. As retailing and wholesaling have become more global, competition has intensified. In addition to the global economic downturn, todays retailers face a wide range of challenges, including industry consolidation, employee attraction and retention, and business continuity. And as always, consumers are demanding ever-higher quality at ever-lower prices for the products they buy. For a retail business, these trends create a host of risks: strategic, financial, operational, and hazard   that can prove costly. Claims Consulting for company like Fabindia, employee and customer claims constitute the largest share of total cost of risk. Many claim consultants have partnered with these types of companies to manage these claims more cost-effectively. Merger, Acquisition, and Divestiture Mergers and acquisitions are common in the retail industry. They need to be efficient enough to minimize the risks associated with these complex transactions. Property Prices-Ever increasing price can affect the revenues of the company. So Fabindia will opt for long term leasing of store space. Competitors- Though highly unorganized there is threat of new entrance. So changes in strategies are important to keep competitive edge. Forex rate and Economy: after the 2008 economic downturn European Economy is still recovering so a close watch is required by management team about the future plans and expansions. Conclusion: